关于PHP-FPM的reload

由于最近在看接口监控的时候发现有一些502的情况，所以打算排查下原因。看了下nginx及php-fpm日志后偶然发现报502的时间节点跟fpm重启正好吻合。确认了下这个重启只是reload的操作而非restart的操作。什么？reload不是平滑启动吗？怎么会导致这样的问题出现呢？上网查了下资料后发现也有很多人遇到过这种情况。

接下来重现下这种情况。写几行代码来实际模拟下：

sleep(10);
echo "test";

然后在浏览器中访问一下，同时执行fpm reload的操作。可以看到执行完reload后页面立马就502了。
实际上通过process_control_timeout参数可以实现我们的目标。可惜这个参数缺省是 0，也就是不生效，这里把它设置成为2s。然后再重复一次上面的操作后发现页面可以正常输出test。同时会发现页面并不会等待10s后打印test。当我们 reload 的时候，sleep 立刻就结束了，这是因为 sleep 收到 reload 发出的信号后直接返回了。

process_control_timeout参数参考官网文档的解释：设置子进程接受主进程复用信号的超时时间。可用单位：s（秒），m（分），h（小时）或者 d（天）。默认单位：s（秒）。默认值：0（关闭）。
即reload的时候，如果有正在执行的请求进程便会等待该进程设置的时长。而其他进程直接就结束掉。等待正在执行的进程执行完或者是超过了设置的时间后fpm的master进程才开始生成新的fpm worker进程。

结论
默认情况下，PHP-FPM 无法保证平滑的执行 reload 操作，必须设置一个合理的 process_control_timeout 才行，同时需要注意的是其值不能设置的过大，否则系统可能出现严重的请求堵塞问题。

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